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2022, vol. 47, br. 2, str. 58-71
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Analiza energije različitih sistema gajenja masline u semiaridnom regionu
Analysis of energy of different olive cultivation systems in a semiarid region
Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Agriculture Faculty, Canakkale, Republic of Turkey
e-adresa: sozpinar@comu.edu.tr
Ključne reči: Energija; stanje zemljišta; gajenje maslina; semiarid
Keywords: Energy; land situation; olive cultivation; semiarid
Sažetak
Cilj ovog istraživanja je da se utvrdi ulazno-izlazna energija za gajenje maslina u semiaridnom regionu Čanakale, Republika Turska. Podaci su prikupljeni od maslinara putem anketiranja (upitnik) za tradicionalno-ravne/kose i intenzivno-ravne sisteme u prošloj vegetacionoj sezoni. Rezultati su pokazali da je netto energetski dobitak veći u intenzivnom sistemu gajenja maslina nego u tradicionalnim ravnim i kosim sistemima gajenja maslina. Slično, energetski odnos je bio veći u intenzivnom za 1.46 MJ ha -1 nego u tradicionalno kosom i ravnom sistemu gajenja maslina, za 1.42 i 1.38 MJ ha -1 , respektivno. Najveća potrošnja energije zabeležena je u intenzivnom (0,93 MJ ha -1). ali je najmanja u tradicionalno-kosom (0,75 MJ ha -1), i tradicionalno-ravnom sistemu (0,92 MJ ha -1). Zaista, intenzivni sistem gajenja daje veće prinose maslina koji omogućavaju korišćenje većEG nivoa primene đubriva, navodnjavanja i upotrebe odgovarajuće mehanizacije, ali je energetska analiza pokazala da je njegova efikasnost u energiji dva puta veća od tradicionalnog sistema. Rezultati istraživanja sugerišu da bi intenzivni sistem gajenja maslina mogao biti bolji sistem uzgoja u područjima sa ravnim reljefom (terenom) za poljoprivrednike u region, u sve konkurentnijim uslovima, bez pogoršanja ekološke održivosti.
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the input-output energy of olive cultivation in a semiarid region of Çanakkale, Republic of Turkey. Data were collected from olive farmers by a questionnaire for traditional-flat/sloping and intensive-flat systems in last growing season. The results revealed that net energy gain was higher in intensive system than in traditional flat and sloping ones. Similarly, energy ratio was higher in intensive by 1.46 MJ ha-1 than in sloping and flat of traditional by 1.42 and 1.38 MJ ha-1 , respectively. The highest energy productivity was recorded in the intensive (0.93 MJ ha-1), but the lowest was in the traditional-sloping (0.75 MJ ha-1), and then in the traditional-flat (0.92 MJ ha-1). Indeed, the intensive system produced higher olive yields which allow using a higher level of fertilizer, water and mechanization, but also the energy analysis revealed that its efficiency in the energy was higher than two traditional systems. The results suggested that intensive system could be a better cultivation system in flat areas for the region farmers in an increasingly competitive without worsening environmental sustainability.
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