2019, vol. 47, br. 3, str. 147-156
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Zaštita salate od prouzrokovača sive truleži (Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr.)
Control of gray rot (Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr.) on lettuce
Projekat: Razvoj integrisanih sistema upravljanja štetnim organizmima u biljnoj proizvodnji sa ciljem prevazilaženja rezistentnosti i unapređenja kvaliteta i bezbednosti hrane (MPNTR - 46008)
Sažetak
Najvažniji patogeni salate u našim agroekološkim uslovima su Botrytis cinerea, prouzrokovač sive truleži i Bremia lactuce prouzrokovač plamenjače. Imajući u vidu zahtevnije tržište, vrlo različite uslove proizvodnje salate, ali i sortiment, biološka ispitivanja fungicida za zaštitu salate od prouzrokovača sive truleži su veoma značajna, posebno ako se uzme u obzir da kod nas postoji vrlo malo registrovanih fungicida za suzbijanje ovog prouzrokovača. Ogled je postavljen na lokalitetu Provo (opština Vladimirci) 2015. godine na salati sorte Seter, prema standardnim OEPP metodama. Fungicid na bazi ciprodinil+fl udioksonil (Switch 62,5 WG) primenjen je u količini 0,7 kg/ha, a biostimulator (Megafol) 2 l/ha, kao i mešavina fungicida i biostimulatora. Tretiranje je izvedeno folijarno pomoću leđne prskalice (Villager lela), uz utrošak radne tečnosti 400 l/ha. Raspored parcela na oglednom polju izvršen je po slučajnom blok rasporedu, sa po pet ponavljanja po varijanti. Efi kasnost fungicida je određena po Abbot-u i značajnost razlika (ANOVA) za interval pouzdanosti 95%. U laboratorijskim uslovima određena je pH vrednost, suspenzibilnost, površinski napon i elektroprovodljivost radnih tečnosti fungicida, folijarnog đubriva i njihovih mešavina u vodi (iz lokaliteta Provo) koja se koristila i u poljskim ogledima. Fungicid Switch 62,5 WG, kao i mešavina Switch 62,5 WG + Megafol, su ispoljili efi kasnost od 70,9% do 86,5%, u suzbijanju prouzrokovača sive truleži (B. cinerea). U svim varijantama gde je primenjen fungicid, biostimulator kao i mešavina fungicida i biostimulatora, prosečna masa biljaka salate (413,2-433,4 g) je bila na značajno višem nivou u odnosu na kontrolu (403,6 g). Fizičko-hemijska svojstva radnih tečnosti fungicida i mešavina fungicida i biostimulatora, su u dozvoljenim granicama i ne dolazi do značajnih promena nakon 24h stajanja istih. Mešavine fungicida i biostimulatora, na osnovu fizičko-hemijskih svojstava, su ispoljile kompatibilnost.
Abstract
The most important lettuce pathogens in our agroecological conditions are Botrytis cinerea, causal of gray rot and Bremia lactucae, causal of downy mildew. Bearing in mind the demanding market, different production requirements of lettuce, as well its varieties, biological assays with fungicides are very important. The experiment was set up in 2015, in the locality of Provo (Mačva, western Serbia), in the crop of lettuce Seter variety, using standard OEPP methods. Fungicide based on cyprodinil + fludioxonil (Switch 62.5 WG) has been applied in concentration of 0.7 kg/ ha. Biostimulant (Megafol; applied doses 2 l/ha), and mixture of fungicide with biostimulant were also used in the bioassay. Foliar treatment of plants was carried out by backpack sprayer, with a consumption of spray liquid of 400 l/ha. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replications. The efficacy of the fungicide is determined by Abbott, while the significance of differences for the confidence interval of 95% was done using ANOVA. In the laboratory conditions, the physical and chemical properties (pH, suspendability, surface tension and electric-conductivity) of spray liquid fungicide and the mixture of the fungicide + biostimulant have been tested. Fungicide Switch 62.5 WG, as well as a mixture of Switch 62.5 WG + Megafol, exhibited efficiency from 70.9 to 86.5% in control of gray rot (B. cinerea). In all treatments where the fungicide, bio-stimulator, as well as mixtures of fungicide + biostimulants were applied, average weight of lettuce plants (413.2 to 433.4 g) was at a significantly higher level in comparison to the control (403.6 g). Physical and chemical properties of the spray liquids fungicide and mixture of fungicide + biostimulant are within acceptable limits and there is no significant change after 24 hours of standing. Mixtures of fungicide and biostimulant, based on physical and chemical properties exhibited compatibility.
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