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2012, vol. 13, br. 3, str. 475-481
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Uticaj temperature na ranostasnost i prinos salate gajene u zimskom periodu
Influence of temperatureon yield and earliness of lettuce grownin the winter period
aUniverzitet u Banjoj Luci, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Republika Srpska, BiH bMinistarstvo poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srpske, BiH cUniverzitet u Novom Sadu, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Srbija dNaučni institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad, Srbija
e-adresa: vida.todorovic@agrofabl.org
Sažetak
Salata kao povrtarska vrsta ima umjerene zahtjeve prema uslovima uspijevanja, te je u skladu s tim, cilj ovoga rada bio da se preko sume temperatura utvrdi uticaj neposrednog pokrivanja biljaka agrotekstilom na ranostasnost i prinos salate gajene u plasteniku bez grijanja. Istraživanja su urađena na četiri sorte (Devonia, Nizzi, Boreale i Robinson) koje imaju različitu otpornost prema niskim temperaturama. Najniža prosječna temperatura u toku vegetacije salate u plasteniku bila je 4,0°C, a najviša 13,5°C, dok je prosječna minimalna temperatura pod agrotekstilom bila 6,1°C, a maksimalna 19,0°C. Na otvorenom polju ove temperature su bile 0,2°C i 9,2°C. To potvrđuje činjenicu da se korišćenjem agrotekstila u objektima zaštićenog prostora u zimskom periodu mogu povećati temperature u odnosu na otvoreno polje i do 10°C. Na osnovu sume temperatura utvrđeno je da je sorta Devonia najranostasnija, do tehnološke zrelosti potrebna joj je suma teperatura od 764°C, dok najdužu vegetaciju ima sorta Robinson kojoj je do berbe potrebna suma temperatura od 890°C. Pored toga, sorta Robinson je imala i najkrupniju glavicu (411,5 g) i najveći ostvareni prinos po jedinici površine (8,22 kg m-2). Najmanji prinos (4,95 kg m-2) bio je kod sorte Nizzi koja ima i najsitniju glavicu (249,5 g).
Abstract
Lettuce as a vegetable species has moderate demands in terms of growing conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the influence of immediate covering of plants by agrotextile using the sum of the temperature on earliness and yield of lettuce grown in a greenhouse without heating. The experiment was conducted on four varieties (Devonia, Nizzi, Boreale and Robinson) that have different resistance to low temperatures. The lowest average temperature during the growing cycle period in the greenhouse was 4.0°C while maximum temperature was 13.5°C. At the same time, the average minimum temperature under agrotextile was 6.1°C while maximum temperature was 19.0°C. In the open field, these temperatures were 0.2°C and 9.2°C. This confirms the fact that by using agrotextile in a greenhouse in the winter period temperature can increase by up to 10°C in comparison to the open field. Based on the sum of active temperatures, it was found that Devonia is the earliest variety and it needs the sum of temperatures of 764°C to reach technological maturity. The Robinson variety has the longest vegetation which requires the sum of temperatures of 890°C until the harvest period. Furthermore, Robinson had the biggest head (411.5 g) and achieved the highest yield per area unit (8.22 kg m-2). The lowest yield (4.95 kg m-2) was obtained in the Nizzi variety, which had the smallest head (249.5 g).
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