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2008, vol. 33, br. 3, str. 25-31
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Metode integralne zaštite bilja u objektima zaštićenog prostora
Integrated pest management in greenhouse production
Univerzitet u Beogradu, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Srbija
Projekat: Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR-20076: Unapređenje i očuvanje poljoprivrednih resursa u funkciji racionalnog korišćenja energije i kvaliteta poljoprivredne proizvodnje
Sažetak
Visoko intenzivna biljna proizvodnja u zaštićenom prostoru podrazumeva stalnu kontrolu i praćenje proizvodnih uslova i zdravstvenog stanja useva. Obzirom na sve strožije regulative o primeni hemijskih zaštitnih sredstava, zatim na otpornost insekata na određene pesticide, na sve strožije kriterijume potrošača u smislu zdravstveno bezbedne hrane, poljoprivredni proizvođači se, sve češće, opredeljuju za koncept integralne zaštite bilja. U osnovi ovog koncepta, u objektima zaštićenog prostora, su prevencija, praćenje i kontrola. Kao mogući načini prevencije primenljivi su pokrivni materijali i mreže protiv insekata, i, kao metode mehaničkog odstranjenja insekata iz objekata, lepljive trake različitih boja i UV lampe. Cilj ovog rada je da prikaže mogućnosti i efekte korišćenja UV apsorbujućih pokrivnih materijala, zatim da analizira kriterijume izbora mreža protiv insekata i mogućnost primene specijalnih UV apsorbujućih lampi u smanjenju broja insekata u objektu a samim tim i uticaj navedenih tehnologija na potrošnju hemijskih zaštitnih sredstava i energetski bilans biljne proizvodnje u zaštićenom prostoru.
Abstract
Highly intensive greenhouse production can't be imagined without permanent control and surveliance of production conditions and plant health. Concerning regulations limitating the presence of pesticide and minimizing the impact of overall program on the environment, most producers are accepting integrated pest management (IPM) as a concept of plant protection. Main parts of this concept are prevention, surveillance and control. Covering materials and insect screens, UV lamps and sticky traps are proposed as a method for insect exclusion from greenhouses. The aim of this paper is to show the possibilities and effects of using UV absorbing materials. Criteria for insect screen selection are also presented together with possibilities of UV lamp usage in eliminating insects from greenhouses. The influence of applying IPM concept on energy consumption and chemicals savings in production processes is given.
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